The Web Of Life
One of the basic principles of ecology is interdependence. All members of an ecological community are interconnected in a vast and intricate network of relationships, the web of life. They derive their essential properties and, in fact, their very existence from their relationships to other things. Interdependence — the mutual dependence of all life processes on one another — is the nature of all ecological relationships. The behaviour of every living member of the ecosystem depends on the behaviour of many others. The success of the whole community depends on the success of its individual members, while the success of each member depends on the success of the community as a whole.

There is no waste in nature

Networks
At all scales of nature, we find living systems nesting within other living systems - networks wihin networks. Their boundaries are not boundaries of seperation but boundaries of identity. All living systems communicate with one and another and share resources across boundaries.

Cycles
All living organisms must feed on continual flows of matter and energy from their environment to stay alive, and all living organisms continually produce waste. However, an ecosystem generates no net waste, one spcies' waste is another species' food. Thus matter cycles continually through the web of life.

Solar Energy
Solar energy, transpormedd into chemical energy by the photosynthesis of green plants, drives the ecological cycles.

Diversity
Ecosystems achieve stability and resilience through the richness and complexity of their ecological webs. The greater their biodiversity, the more resilient they will be.

Dynamic Balance
A ecosystem is a flexible, ever-fluctuating network. Its flexibility is a consequence of multiple feedback loops that keep the system in a state of dynamic balance. No single variable is maximised; all variables fluctuate around their optimal values.